The grandma test provides a quick and dirty answer to ethics questions, but it's essential to first look for institutional guidance. This 8-point guide begins and ends with that important step.

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Andrew Urich, professor of ethics & legal studies at Oklahoma State University, shared this guide when I attended his ethics workshop. First though, he explained why ethics can be so hard:

1. Human nature is not naturally ethical.
2. Ethics is gray - not black and white.
3. It's difficult to be ethical all the time.

Why so hard? It's easier not to be ethical.

1. Easier to do what's convenient.
2. Easier to conform to norms.
3. Easier to do what's profitable;
4. Easier to win if you cheat.

Rationalization: Polite term for self-delusion

Andrew Urich, PhD, Oklahoma State University

The Kansas Board of Regents and WSU have extensive policy manuals to guide to its people. That's where Professor Urich's guide begins, and it provides two additional opportunities for seeking counsel:

1. Is there an applicable law or organizational policy?
2. Should I ask about this before acting?
3. Have I taken time to think carefully before acting?
4. Would I disclose this decision to my supervisor, CEO, grandmother? (What if everyone found out?)
5. Am I avoiding the appearance of impropriety?
6. Am I defining the problem correctly?
7. Am I rationalizing? 
8. Finally, when in doubt, do I know who to contact?

Most day-to-day decisions are routine or have clear-cut guidance. But when you encounter a decision that's not black and white, this guide can help you slow down and think through the decision step-by-step.